Safety device for camera shutters



J. MIHALYI Nov. 9, '1943.

SAFETY DEVICE FOR CAMERA SHUTTERS Original Filed Oct. so, 1936 6Sheets-Sheet l 'FIG.3.

uilll lrlllllllll 4I I"? In L L I 7 Joseph Mihal yi INVENTQ BY Nov. 9,1943. J. MIHALYl SAFETY DEVICE FOR CAMERA SHUTTERS- Original Filed Oct.so, 1936 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 Joseph Mihal i. I INVENTO BY [fi 30 Nov. 9,1943. J. MIHALYI 2,333,807

' SAFETY DEVICE FOR CAMERA-SHUTTERS Original File d Oct. 30, 1936 6Sheet-Sheet 3 Halo, 4

, Joseph M that i IN VEN T R.

ATTORNEYS.

Nov. 9, 1943. J. MlHA-LYJ "2,333,807

SAFETY DEVICE FOR CAMERA SHUTTERS Original Filed Oct. 30, 1936 6Sheets-Shee t 5 .53 52 70 .50 Joseph M ibalyi IN V EN TOR.

BY l

ATTORNEYS.

Patented Nov. 9, 1943 SAFETY DEVICE FOR CAMERA SHUTTERS Joseph Mihalyi,Rochester, N. Y., assignor to Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N. Y., acorporation of New Jersey Original application October 30, 1936, SerialNo. 108,396. Divided and this application April 1. 1937, Serial No.134,352

13 Claims.

This invention relates to photography and more particularly to safetydevices for shutters for photographic cameras.

One object of my invention is to provide a camera having a shutter, theoperation of which is controlled in such a manner that it is difficult,if not impossible, to improperly operate the shutter. Another object ofmy invention is to provide a shutter of the setting type in which theshutter trigger is under the control of the shutter setting member.Another object of my invention is to provide a shutter in which theshutter setting member is under the control of the film windingmechanism, so that the shutter cannot be set and the trigger cannot beoperated unless a film has been wound. Another object of my invention isto provide a shutter with suitable connections between the film windingdevice, the shutter setting device and the trigger for requirin theseparts to be operated in a predetermined sequence. Another object of myinvention is to provide'a shutter with a latch mechanism for engagingand holding the shutter trigger in a fixed, inoperative position afterone exposure has been made and to provide a means for releasing thislatch when the other parts of the mechanism are properly adjusted tomake another exposure. Still another object of my invention is toprovide a shutter trigger latch so arranged that the last part of thesetting movement of the shutter setting lever will release the latch. Astill further object of my invention is to provide a means for settingthe shutter operated by the film winding means, and other objects willappear from the following specification, the novel features beingparticularly pointed out in the claims at the end thereof.

In my copending application Serial No. 108,396 for Camera shutters,filed October 30, 1936, (which resulted in Patent 2,117,971, granted May17, 1938), I have fully described a two-part shutter mechanism which issuitable for carrying out the objects of the present invention and whichis used herein to illustrate a preferred embodiment of my invention.This application is a division of the above-mentioned case.

In my copending application Serial No. 108,397, filed October 30, 1936,which resulted in Patent No. 2,090,060, granted August '7, 1937, forDouble exposure prevention camera I have fully described and illustrateda preferred form of mechanism which controls the movement of the filmwinding handle, and since the details of this mechanism form no part ofthe present invention, reference may be had to this application for thestructure used to control the winding handle movement.

This application resulted in Patent No. 2,090,060, Double exposureprevention camera, granted August 17, 1937. There is still anothercopending application Serial No. 149,873, filed June 23, 1937, which isa division of Serial No. 108,397.

In order to provide a camera which has a wide range of utility, it isdesirable to have a shutter with a wide range of automatic speeds andthis of necessity requires the shutter to be of the socallcd settingtype-that is, a shutter in which a power spring must be manually placedunder tension before the various exposures are made. In such cameras itis frequently desirable to use roll film which must be manually woundafter each exposure to prevent a double exposure. Since there are quitea number of operations which must usually be performed in the propersequence to obtain the best results, it is desirable to provide amechanism which can only be operated in one sequence by an operator,thus eliminating many of the usual causes of failures and making thecamera an extremely simple one to operate. In the followingspecification, I have described a preferred safety device whichcorrelates the winding handle, shutter setting member and shuttertrigger by providing suitable interconnecting mechanism which allow theoperation of these parts only in the proper sequence.

This application is particularly directed to a shutter in which theshutter trigger cannot be moved unless the shutter mechanism is set,because it has been found that with setting shutters in many instancesthe operator will press the trigger and will be misled into believingthat an exposure has been made where actually the shutter leaves havenot opened and closed. If the trigger is rigid and cannot be moved, thismisconception cannot arise. With the structure which will now bedescribed, it will be readily apparent that the shutter trigger cannotbe operated until the shutter setting lever has been moved to place themaster member under tension.

Coming now to the drawings, wherein like reference characters denotelike parts throughout:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a camera in which is embodied theshutter operating mechanism constructed in accordance with thisinvention, the camera being opened for use.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary perspective view of the upper portion of thesame camera as Fig. 1, but viewed from the opposite side; i

Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the camera in closed position;

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the mounting plate on which theoperating mechanism is mounted, only certain parts of the latter beingshown, and also showing parts of the shutter and shutter casing;

Fig. 5 is a vertical section through the end of the winding lever shownin Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a plan view of the cover for the shutter operating mechanism;

Fig. 7 is a section on line 11 of Fig. 6, the operating parts not beingshown;

Fig. 8 is a plan view of the operating parts and the plate on which saidparts are mounted. the mechanism being in released position and someparts omitted;

Fig. 9 is a similar view showing the same parts as Fig. 8, but in the"set or wound position and with the delayed action device also ready forrelease;

Figs. 10 and 11 are section elevations on lines I0I0 and IIII of Fig. 9and Fig. 8, respectively.

Fig. 12 is an enlarged plan view of the delayed action" detent andassociated parts;

Fig. 13 is a plan view of the operating mechanism, with some partsomitted, after release," and about to make an exposure in the range ofVim to of a second;

Fig. 14 is a similar view for exposures of 1 second and second;

Fig. 15 is a plan of a bellcrank that is part of the timing control;

Fig. 16 is a detached view of the timing gears and the mountingtherefore;

Fig. 1'1 is a sectional elevation on line I1-I1 of Fig. 16;

Fig. 18 is a plan view similar to Figs. 13 and 14, with more of theoperating parts shown, and operating to make exposures of .9m second;

Fig. 19 is a plan view. showing bulb operation;

Fig. 20 is a fragmentary view indicating the manner in which overrun ofthe timing gears is prevented;

Fig. 21 is a fragmentary plan showing a detent;

Fig. 22 is a sectional elevation on line 22-22 of Fig. 21;

Fig. 23 is a detail of the timing-gear operator;

Fig. 24 is a detail of the control member for timing;

Fig. 25 is a detail of an auxiliary control member associated with thepart shown in Fig. 23;

Fig. 26 is a section on line 26-26 of Fig. 23;

Fig. 27 is a section on line 2121 of Fig. 25;

Fig. 28 is a plan view of a plate for attaching the shutter mechanismand its mounting to a part of the camera;

Fig. 29 is a detail of the shutter lever and actuator in releasedposition;

Fig. 30 shows the same parts in "set position; and

Fig. 31 is a detail fragmentary perspective view of parts of theinterengaging shutter mechanism and particularly the shutter leafholding latch.

As a preferred embodiment. of my invention I have illustrated a two partshutter, such as shown in my first copending application above referredto, although my present invention is not necessarily built into such ashutter. It is therefore to be understood that the structure which willnow be described is for the purpose of illustration only as obviouslyvarious known types of setting shutters may be suitable structures towhich my improved type of trigger latch, operable only when the shutteris set. may be added.

Figs. 1, 2 and 3 show a camera including an embodiment of my invention,which may comprise a body 3|, bed 32, bellows 33, and a camera frontdesignated broadly as 34 and which is attached by conventionalspring-actuated linkage 35 to the body 3|. Such a structure is shown inU. S. Patent No. 2,033,703, Green, granted March 10, 1936. A lens 36 ismounted in the casing 34 in conjunction with the shutter, and bed braces32a restrict the unfolding movement of the camera to a predeterminedlimit. Accurate focusing may be accomplished by rotating the front lenselement in the usual manner. The camera may have a range finder 31 and alight-activated element 38 for determination of exposures, but theseparts are not necessary parts of the present invention.

A preferred specific form of film winding mechanism is shown in mycopending application resulting in Patent No. 2,090,060 above referredto. In the present application I have indicated diagrammatically in Fig.4 that the handle 64 may turn shaft 65 with its windin key 65b in onedirection through the one way clutch 65a. The key 65b engages the filmspool S in the usual manner. As clearly shown in considerable detail inmy Patent No. 2,090,060, granted August 1'1, 1937, and as also shown inmy copending application Serial No. 149,873 above referred to, the filmwinding handle '64 is normally held against movement by a latch whichincludes an arm I65 pivoted at I66 to the camera and having a latchelement I68 engaging a notch on the disk 64b. When in this position, theflexible member 66 is of sufiicient length to position member I01beneath a portion of arm I04, as indicated in Fig. 13, in which positionthe trigger may be moved to make an exposure. However. as soon as thetrigger is moved and the pin 6| on the master member strikes arm 68, itwill drive the slide member so that the beveled lug I 01 will ridebeneath arm I04 and project through the triangular opening in the end ofthis arm so that lug I06, through its engagement with the groove I03,will prevent the trigger from being moved, latching it in a fixedposition.

The trigger is therefore latched until the film is wound. If theoperator moves handle 64, the flexible member 66 will become tensionedand will move the lever arm I65, releasing the latch I68 so that theslide will move away from the arm I04, permitting the lug I06 to entergroove I03 and thus hold the trigger latch during the time the windingmovement continues. As is fully explained in my copending applicationabove referred to, the handle 64 cannot be returned to its initialposition until after one full stroke has been made because of the teethI69 which are successivel engaged by the latch I10 until the end of thelatch I 10, by riding on the projection I13 moves the opposite end ofthe latch member beneath the shoulder I61 and holds the latch I10 in aninoperative position. The handle may then be oscillated the desirednumber of times to wind a film into place, after which it is returned tothe position shown in Fig. 4. In this position the cable 66 extends overthe end I of the latch member and consequently the beveled lug I01 liesunder lever I04 as shown in Fig. 13, being moved to this position by thespring 61a. Spring 61a does not have sufficient strength to move the lugI01 still further downward, referring to Fig. 13, to project through thetriangular opening because the cable passes around the end of latch I65and consequently, when lying in this path, is slightly too short topermit the slide 61 to move to its lowermost; position.

It will thus be seen that as soon as the winding movement of the film iscompleted, the trigger will be released for operation and this releasecannot occur until the shutter has first been set.

Above the bellows 33 (Fig. 1) is the casing or cover above mentioned,broadly designated by numeral 39, and containing the operating andcontrolling mechanism by which the shutter is operated. This casing,shown in section in Fig. 7, is closed at the bottom by a plate 40 (seealso Fig. 4) that constitutes a base or mounting for theshutter-operating mechanism as a unit. The plate 40 is hinged at 4| tothe camera body I, and has edge channels or slideways 42 in which pins43 on camera front 34 are adapted to slide, so that when the camerafront 34 is pushed back in closing the camera, the pins 43 travel in thechannels 42 and cause the plate 40 and casing 39 t to swing downwardlyon the hinge 4| over the shutter casing 34, the whole moving to theposition indicated in Fig. 3 so that the camera bed 32 closes into placeover both the casings 39 and 34.

When the bed 32 is released by pressure on buttons 32b the reverseaction occurs, viz; the linkage moves the shutter casing forwardly, andthe pins 43 on the latter, traveling in the channels 42, cause the plateand the operating parts carried thereby and the casing 39 that enclosessaid parts to swing upwardly about the hinge 4| and to assume theposition of Fig. 1, at which time a predetermined mechanical relation isestablished between a part of the operating mechanism within the casing39 and a part of the shutter that projects upwardly from the casing 34,all as set forth in detail in the following description.

The shutter in the present instance is not shown completely but only tothe extent required to make clear its operation and its relation toother parts. Such a shutter may comprise a plurality of blades 45, (Fig.4) pivotally attached at 46 to a partition 44 within the casing 34, andadapted to be moved by pins 41 that are set in a blade-operating ring48, the latter suitably mounted for partial oscillation both clockwiseand counterclockwise through a limited are. One of such movements of thering 48 may carry the blades 45 to open position and the oppositemovement may return the blades to closed position.

For this purpose the blade-operating ring 48 has an upwardly-extendingarm 49 that projects through a slot in the top of casing 34 and isadapted to cooperate with a reciprocating link 50 which constitutes aterminal element of the actuating mechanism, said link being moved whenthe operator presses the release" or operating button for making anexposure, in a manner to be described. It will be understood that theopening of the camera as above described carries the arm 49 into aposition where it may be engaged by the link 50. This movement iscompletely automatic and requires no effort on the part of the operatorother than merely opening the camera.

Suitable means are provided (Fig. 31) whereby the arm 49 is held againstmovement (the blades 45 being closed), when the camera is folded orpartially opened, so that the blades will not work open or becomeseparated by movement or jarring of the camera. Such means may comprisea spring 249 with a curved portion 25!) adapted to hold lever 49 againstmovement at the time this part is free from engagement with the hook orlatch 5|, which is when the camera front 34 is in a folded or partlyfolded position.

When however the camera is positioned for taking pictures and member 49is engaged by hook 5| the arm 49 will have been released since lug 240of plate 40 engages the upstanding end 252 of spring latch 25| justbefore the camera is fully opened, so that by completing the openingmovement the latch is released. In starting to fold the camera the latchis immediately released to immediately re-engage arm 49 to hold it andthe shutter leaves 45 against movement.

Coming now to the mechanism for reciprocating the arm 49 (opening andclosing the shutter), the link 50 (Figs. 4, 29 and 30) having a notch 5|near one end, is pivotally attached near the edge of a disc 52,revoluble on a post 53. This post is set in a mounting plate 54 thatalso carries the other operating parts, said plate being attached to thebase plate 40.

The disc 52 has teeth 55 around part of its periphery, said teeth beingadapted to mesh with teeth 56 on the rim of a ring member 51. This ringmember, hereinafter designated the "driver constitutes a convenient formof prime mover for all the operating and controlled parts of themechanism. The ring 51 is revolubly mounted on a circular collar 58(Fig, 11) beneath a flange 59. A central opening or well 69, inside thering 58, provides a space to receive the front lens element 36 when thecamera is closed as in Fig. 3, and this well may have a closure such asthe plate 60a. All the operating and controlling parts are disposedabout this central collar, some being mounted to rotate on said collarand others being mounted on various posts or studs set in the plate 54,as will presently appear.

The driver 51 carries a pin 6| (Fig. 9) that constitutes a convenientmeans for engagement with the winding" or setting" elements. Movement ofthe driver in a clockwise direction by the setting elements (presentlyto be described) is opposed by a spring 62, that constantly tends tomove the driver in a counterclockwise direction and to return it to theposition of Fig. 4 to a stop pin 63. Movement of the driver in aclockwise direction rotates the disc 52 in a counterclockwise direction,thereby actuating the link 50 alternately through a right-to-left andleft-toright path in accordance with such movement, while movement ofthe driver counterclockwise actuates the link 50 from left-to-right andthen from right-to-left.

The setting element for the shutter mechanism is preferably a lever 64(Fig. 4) which may be mounted at 65 on an extension of the film spoolkey and may therefore constitute a film winder also. This lever 64 isshown as connected by a flexible cable 56 with a slide 61 that has a lug68 lying against the pin 6|. The slide 61 is normally pulled toward thedisc 52 by a spring 61a. When the lever 64 is moved in the directionindicated in Fig. 4, the slide lug 68 engages the pin GI, and the driveris rotated clockwise until a step 69 on its periphery passes a latch 10.

This latch. pressed toward the driver by a spring H, is mounted on alever 12, hereinafter referred to as the release lever, which is pivotedon a post 13 and urged in a counter-clockwise direction about the post13 by a light spring 14. A fork '15 carries a finger piece 16 thatextends through the side wall of casing 39 (Figs. 2 and 6), so that amovement of the finger piece 16 toward the camera lifts the latch 10from the step 59 and permits the driver 81 to be rotatedcounterclockwise by the spring 82, except as said driver may beinterrupted or delayed for extended exposures, later to be described.

The manner in which the shutter arm 49 is engaged and moved to open andclose the shutter when the driver is set and released is a particularfeature of the invention and will now be described.

From Figs. 29 and 30 it will be noted that the notch 5| in the free endof link 50 is of a peculiar shape, the notch being "undercut and beingdeeper on the outer side than it is on the side toward the disc 52. Fig.29 shows said disc and the link as they appear when the driver 51 is inthe position of Fig. 4. If now the lever 54 is moved, carrying theslider 61 toward the camera, the driver turns the disc 52counterclockwise. The link 50 then moves toward the right, the shoulder5la at the left of notch 5| passing in front of arm 49 because the linkapproaches the arm 49 at an acute angle, and therefore no movement ofsaid arm occurs. As the disc 52 continues to move, the link pivot passesthe right center and the link 58 then begins moving toward the left, theshoulder 5Ia again passing in front of arm 49 but still not engagingsaid arm. The free end of link 50 is lightly pressed toward the arm 49by a spring 50a. When the driver is released (the parts being in theposition of Fig. 30) the disc 52 is rotated clockwise by reason of itstoothed connection with the driver, and the shoulder 5Ia at the left ofthe notch 51 then approaches the arm 49 in a direction normal to theedge of said arm thus engaging and moving the latter toward the rightand opening the shutter as heretofore described. As the driver movesfurther toward its released position or to rest, the disc 52 continuesto rotate clockwise, and the link, after its pivot has passed the rightcenter, moves again toward the left, and the shoulder 5lb at the rightside of the notch 5| carries the arm 49 to the left and closes theshutter. The parts are then again in the relative positions of Fig. 29.

The above described engagement occurs regardless of the selected timingof the operating mechanism, so that on slow or bulb exposures the driveris so controlled that the shutter remains open, i. e.: the driver 51 andthe disc 52 are stopped when the arm 49 has been moved to the right. andthe shutter closes when the timedelayed parts are released to completetheir movement.

To afford the operator convenient control of shutter speeds, themechanism shown as embodying the present invention is arranged to permitspeeds of bulb," 1 second, /2, /s. A0, /25. 2410, 1/ on and Ann second,to encompass the conventional range of requirements. For a better understanding of the operating mechanism, the construction and assemblyonly of the timing and control groups of parts will now be described andtheir operation and functions will be set forth thereafter.

Referring first to Figs. and 11, the driver or master operating ring 51is shown as before described, underlying an annular flange 59 on thecentral rim or collar 58. Upon the top face of this flange 59 is anumber of balls 11, which constitute an anti-friction bearing for a ringI8, hereinafter designated as the gear ring." Part of the periphery ofthis ring is grooved as at I9 (see Fig. 23) to receive a spring 80 thatis attached to the ring at 8| and to a. post on plate 54. The spring 88thus tends to rotate the gear ring I8 counterclockwise, after the mannerof the "driver 51 with its spring. Ring I8 carries two gear segments 83and 84 which are in different planes, the segment 83 being uppermost.

Lying upon the gear ring I8 is a flat ring 85, hereinafter called thedetent ring. It would be possible to have this ring (shown in Fig. 25)an integral part of ring I8, but for practical and less expensiveconstruction it is of thinner metal and has downturned lugs 85a thatenter notches 18a in the gear ring 18 (as shown in Fig. 23), thus makingthe parts I8 and 85 in effect a single member. The periphery of thisdetent ring is provided with detents 85b and 850.

To retain the above described rings in rotative relation and tofacilitate assembly, a third ring member 86, hereinafter referred to asthe cam ring overlies the detent ring 85 and has lugs 86a (Fig. 24)adapted to enter notches 8! in the rim or collar 58 and engage anannular groove 58a therein, thus permitting the ring 86 to be retainedon said collar, at the same time being free to revolve through a limitedare. As the lugs 86a cannot escape from the groove 58a unless alignedwith the notches 81, the cam ring 86 retains both the detent ring 85 andthe gear ring I8 in their respective planes. The circumferentialtraverse of the cam is such that the required are is covered by amovement which is insufficient to carry the lugs 86a from one of thenotches 81 to the next.

The cam" ring 88 constitutes a controlling element which acts upon otherparts to move or interrupt the movements thereof to time .varyingexposures, and to this end the cam ring is provided with outwardlyextending portions of appropriate form, 88, 89, 90, 9| and 92, thefunctions of which will be described. Rotation of the cam ring isaccomplished by means of a pinion 93 (Fig. 19), mounted on a knurledwheel 94 (Fig. 7) projecting through the cover 39 convenient to theoperators finger. The pinion 93 meshes with a gear segment 95 on the camring 85, so that movement of the wheel 94 may turn the cam ring eitherclockwise or counterclockwise.

The cam ring 86 (Fig. 19) also carries an inwardly projecting irregularportion 96, hereinafter referred to as the index cam. A lever 98,pivoted at 98a, has an upstanding pin 91 that is held against the indexcam by the action of a spring 99. The outer end of lever 98 carriesscale I00 indicating shutter speeds, and this scale may be observedthrough a window I0! in the cover 39 (see Figs. and 6). Rotation of thewheel 94 causes the scale I00 to move under the window IOI.

The parts which cooperate with the gear ring I8 are best understood byreference to Figs. 13 to 17 inclusive, and include as a principal membera gear train with a retarding escapement, all of which, broadlydesignated by reference numeral I I0, is in the present instance locatednear the'rear right rear corner of the plate 54. This gear train as aunit is carried on a bell-crank III pivoted at H2, and having an arcuateslot H3 to limit its movement. A double yoke or rocker frame H4 ispivoted at H5 on the bellcrank III, and is pressed by a spring I09 insuch a manner that it tends to turn clockwise on said pivot. Between theupper and lower yoke members are gears H8, H1, H8, and pinions H9 andI28, which intermesh successively after the manlliUlUl'...

ner of clockwork gears, that is, so that movement of the primary gear,in this instance, I I6, is carried through pinion I20, gear III, pinionH9 to gear H8, which latter will then revolve many times faster than theprimary gear H6.

To limit the speed of the gear train under various conditions, the sameelements are employed as are commonly in use in clocks, and watches,via, a star wheel or ratchet I22 that revolves freely on the shaft I I6aof gear I I6, and an "anchor escapement pallet I23, pivoted on the shaftof gear Hi. The star wheel I22 carries a pinion I24 that meshes with thegear H8, and is thus driven at a higher speed than the latter. Thepallet I23 therefore co-acts with the fastestmoving element of the geartrain and constitutes a retarding element therefor.

The gears H6 and I I1 lie in the same planes,

respectively, as the toothed segments 83 and 84 on the gear ring I8.When the yoke I I4 is turned slightly counterclockwise about the pivotII5, the gear H6 will mesh with the segment 83, and the entire train ofgears will be driven as above described, if the gear ring I8 is thenmoved counterclockwise. If the yoke H4 is turned slightly clockwiseabout the pivot H5 the gear H6 is moved to a position where it cannotengage the segment 83, the gear III being brought into position toengage the segment 84, so that movement of the gear ring I8 then drivesthe gear train through a smaller reduction and therefore against lessresistance and at a higher speed. The yoke or frame H4 is turned aboutthe pivot H5 by the cams 9| and 92, acting on a pin I2I at the ring endof said frame.

If the gear train is considered as a brake upon the movement of the gearring I8, it, is obvious that the latter, urged counterclockwise by thespring 80 (under conditions hereinafter to be set forth) will beretarded for a greater length of time when the gear segment 83 and thegear H6 are in mesh than will be the case when the segment 85 and gearII! are engaged. The above factors are utilized in the operatingmechanism herewith illustrated to hold the shutter open for longer orshorter intervals, as will be described. The gear train thereforeconstitutes a variable retarding element co-acting with theshutteractuating mechanism.

Referring to Fig. 9 it will be noted that the driver 51 carries a shortlever I30, pivoted at I3I and having an upstanding arm I32 that projectsabove the plane of cam ring 86. A spring I33 tends to hold the arm I32against the edge of the rings 85 and 86. The arm I32 constitutes aconnector between the driver 5! and the rings I8 and 85 whereby both thelatter are moved clockwise when the driver is moved to the set position,and said arm also serves as a means for releasing the rings I8 and 85when the lever I2 is moved. The setting movement of the driver placessprings 80 and 62 under tension so that the driver 51, the gear ring I8and the detent ring 85 will be moved counterclockwise except as suchmovement is retarded or interrupted.

Pivoted on the stud 13 (Figs. 18 and 19) is a lever I34, urged by aspring I35 so that its end I36 is pressed against the outer edge 96a ofthe index cam 96. A notch I3I in the edge 96:: is adapted to permit thelever I34 to move, under the action of spring I35, a sufficient distanceto co-act with other members to give a bulb exposure, provided the camring 86 is so positioned that the end I36 of lever I34 may enter thenotch I31.

Search Rec Also pivoted on stud 13 is a lever I40, the function of whichis to intercept the escapement pallet I23 at the end of theshutter-closing movement, so that the gear train will not "overrun byits own momentum. The operation of this part will be detailed later. Oneend I of lever I40 is in proximity to pallet I23, and the other end ofthe lever is turned down as at I42, so that it may be struck by aprojection I44 on the driver 51. The lever I40 also may be movedcounterclockwise by an arm 12a on the lever I2.

Means are also provided in the structure of the present inventionwhereby the operator may release the shutter, and then may himself posein front of the camera before the shutter opens. Such means may beproperly referred to as a delayed action" device, because the shutter isnot operated until a predetermined time interval has elapsed after itsrelease. The parts for accomplishing this delayed action in the presentinstance are located at the right side of the operating mechanism, andare best illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9 and enlarged in Fig. 12.

A stud I45 carries a. detent I46, in the form of a disc, cut-away at I"to approximately the radius of the periphery of driver 51 and occupyinga correspnoding plane. Obviously the detent I46 cannot be turned when sopositioned. A part of the periphery of the driver has a curved recess51a, which, when the driver is moved to the set position (Fig. 9)permits the detent I46 to be turned, and when the detent is so turned,the driver can be moved only a very slight distance. The delayed actiondevice therefore cannot become operative until the shutter mechanism hasbeen set. Detent I46 may be turned, when the shutter mechanism is set,by an arm I48, against the action of a spring I49. A fingerpiece I50projects through the side of the cover 39 (Fig. l) for the operator'sconvenience.

A link I5I (Fig. 9) is pivotally attached at I52 to the underside ofdetent I46 and has on its free end a series of teeth I5Ia adapted tomesh with a pinion I53 that is fixed to the shaft I I6a of gear I I6. Alight spring I54 maintains the teeth I5Ia in engagement with pinion I53.On the upper face of detent I46 is a pawl I55, the free end of which isurged outwardly by a spring I56 against a, limit stop I51.

The operation of the delayed-action device is as follows:

From a position of rest, as shown in Fig. 8, the driver 51 is movedclockwise as has been described, by means of the slider 61, until theset" position has been reached, and the step 69 on the driver is caughtby the latch I0 as in Fig. 9. At this time the recess 51a in the driveris aligned with the cut-away portion I41 of detent I46, and the lattermay be turned by the arm I48 to the position of Fig. 9, at which timethe pawl I55 snaps outwardly and acts as a latch against one shoulder ofthe recess 5Ia, preventing detent I46 from rotating under the pressureof spring I49. During this movement the teeth I5Ia on link I5I pass bythe teeth on pinion I53 without turning the latter, because spring I54is not stiff enough to cause such engagement, as will be obvious whenthe relative positions of the link I5I, its pivot I52, and the pinionI53 are considered.

When the release lever I2 is tripped by means of the fingerpiece I8, andthe latch I0 is thus disengaged from the driver, the driver spring 62pulls the driver around, counterclockwise, but the driver can only movea very slight distance,

because the front half of recess 51a immediately strikes the detent I46and the driver stops. However, this slight movement is sufficient tocarry the rear end of recess 51a past the end of pawl I55, whereat thespring I49 begins to rotate disc I46 counterclockwise and the teeth I5Iaengage the pinion I53, due to the jamming action that occurs because ofthe relative positions of the parts. The action of the spring I49 isresisted by the inertia and the escapement of gear train H0, so that therestricted speed of the latter compels the detent I46 to revolve slowly,giving the operator time to pose in front of the camera. As the detentI46 continues to revolve, it finally comes again to the position of Fig.8, where it no longer obstructs the driver 51, and the latter thereforeis free to complete its movement and to open and close the shutter forinstantaneous or slow speeds.

Having described the arrangement of the op erating mechanism and theconstruction of the parts thereof, the action of these parts inperforming their various functions through different lengths ofexposures now will be set forth in detail. First, the shutter operatingmechanism will be considered as ready for making a slow automaticexposure, for instance within the limits of one second to about Asecond.

The selected index figure having been moved to the center of the windowIN by the operator turning the wheel 94, the cam or control ring 86 isthen in the position of Fig. 14 with the pin I2I on the part 92. Theoperator then winds or sets the operating mechanism by turning thecrank-arm 64, thus moving slider 61 toward the camera, and carrying thedriver 51 (through contact between slider lug 68 and pin 6|) clockwise,until the nose or step 69 on the driver passes the end of latch III. Thehandle 64 is then returned to the position of rest, in the socketprovided for it in the camera body 3I (Fig. 2).

As the driver 51 is turned as Just described, the upstanding arm I32 onthe part I30 engages the detent 85b on the ring 85, so that the latterand the gear ring I8 are moved clockwise also. This movement places thesprings 62 and 80 under considerable tension. At the same time, the cam92 is in contact with pin I2I and has swung the gear train IIO about thepivot II5 so that gear II6 is meshed with the segmental gear 83, thusplacing the gear train so as to offer the greatest resistance and torequire the longest time for the gear ring to turn and run the segment83 past the gear H6 in a counterclockwise direction. This latter actionoccurs when the release lever I2 is moved toward the camera, lifting thelatch I from the nose 69 on the driver 51.

As the driver 51 starts to move counterclockwise it carries the leverI30, and therefore the arm I32, ahead of the detent ring 85, because thelatter is fully retarded by the drag of the gear train IIO. Thus, thearm I32 is immediately pulled away from the detent 85b, and against thedetent 85c, and the shutter 45 is opened by the action of link 50through arm 49 as previously described. As the spring 00 continues topull the gear ring I8 around, the detent 850, with the arm I32 followingagainst it under the action of spring 62, moves past the cam point 89.This cam point forces the arm I32 clear of the detent c, and the spring62 immediately pulls the driver to its terminal position, carrying thelink 50 to the left and closing the shutter. Fig. 14 shows the mechanismjust as the arm I32 Is being forced off from the detent 850 by the campoint 89, with the driver in such a position that the link 50 is aboutto move the arm 49 of the shutter to the left to close it.

For exposures of somewhat higher speeds, from /5 second to /100 second,the cam ring 86 is set so that the pin I2I on the gear train frame isresting against the angular edge 9I. This permits the gear train fram toturn clockwise on the pivot H5 and thus to remove the gear I16 from thepath of segment 83 and to move the gear III into the path of segment 84.If now the shutter mechanism is set as described, then released, thegear ring I8 will be retarded for a shorter period than before, due tothe fact that a lower gear ratio is in effect. The gear I I6 spins idlyand does not drive the train. This period becomes shorter the fartherthe cam ring 86 is turned clockwise, until, when the pin I2I liesbetween the portions 90 and SI of lhe cam ring the time of dwell of thearm I32 after leaving the detent 85b until it passes over the cam point09 is as short as ,5 0 second.

For a speed of /20 second, the cam ring is moved until pin I2I rides onthe portion 90, which swings the entire gear train and the bell crankIII so far to the right about the pivot II2 that the gears H6 and IIIcannot touch the segments 83 and 84. As all gear inertia or retardingeffect is thus eliminated, the gear ring is free to move under theinfluence of spring as soon as the latch I0 is released from the driver.The cam point 89 is at this time to the right of the arm I32 and of noeffect. The arm I32 is not carried ahead of detent b, because the spring80 causes the gear ring to travel as fast as the driver, so that thelatter is really aided by the spring 80. The cam point 88 is so close tothe arm I32 that the latter is kicked off" and will not strike thedetent 850. The shutter is thus opened and closed at maximum speed, theopen time being in proportion to the initial lead of the cam point 08from the position of arm I32 in the latched position.

The operation of the mechanism for a bulb exposure brings into actionthe lever I34 and other parts heretofore described. (Figs. 18 and 19.)The point I36 of lever I34 is pressed toward the cam surface 96a by alight sping I35. A lug I34a on the lever lies against the free lever I40which is pivoted at I3, and as the left end of the lever I40 is carriedforward by release lever I2 it prevents the point I36 from touching thecam surface 96a except when lever I2 is pulled to release position. Ifthe notch I31 is opposite the point I36 the latter will enter the notchwhen the lever I2 is moved as aforesaid. This movement frees the lever I40 and permits it to be swung about its pivot by the lug I34a as leverI34 moves under the influence of spring I35. The right end I4I of leverI40 then rests upon the rocking escapement pallet I23, preventing itfrom oscillating, so that the pallet prevents the gear train Hi) frommoving.

As the gear 6 is meshed at this time with segment 83 (Figs, 18 and 23),the gear ring I8, and therefore the detent ring 85, are held stationary,the arm I32 having moved from detent 85b to 850 with the driver duringthe opening movement of the shutter, is held by the stop ring, and theshutter remains open until the lever I2 is returned to normal by itsspring II. As soon as this occurs, lever 12 turns the lever I40 andraises its end I4I clear of the pallet I23. The gear train, free then torun, permits gear ring I8 and detent ring 85 to complete their movementswith the driver 51 and the latter closes the shutter.

As previously mentioned, the end I4I of lever I40 engages the pallet I23(Fig. 18) at every return or counterclockwise movement of the driver,through a point I44 on the latter striking the left end of said lever,and carrying the end I4I against the pallet I23. This action preventsthe gear trai from overrunning."

It should be understood that during the setting movement of clockwiserotation of the driver and the gear ring, that the segments 83 and 84 onthe latter do not engage the gears H and III. Due to the fact that thismovement tends to force the gears toward the right, the whole assemblyswings, together with bellcrank I I I, about the pivot II2 (Figs. 13 and15), so that the segments 83 and 84 chatter across the gears withoutactually meshing. As the segments move to the left during the operatingrotation of the driver, a jamming action occurs, due to the angularrelation between the pivot H2 and the path of travel of the segments, sothat the gears and the segments must mesh.

Means are provided whereby the operatio of the mechanism embodying thisinvention is impossible unless the crank-arm 64 which is a combinationfilm-winding and shutter-setting member is fully returned to its normalposition with the reduced shank of knob 84a in the notch provided for itin the camera body 3|.

A grooved disc or sheave I03 (Figs. 13 and 14) is freely revoluble onthe post 53, and one function of said sheave is to serve as a guide forthe spring 610. that retracts slider 61. Mounted at one side of theplate 54 is a pivoted arm I04 that overlies the sheave I03, the free endof said arm being connected to the end I5 of release lever I2 by a barI05 (Fig. 13). The arm I04 has a lug I06 that projects into the annularrecess I03a in the sheave, and when the lug I00 is so projected, the armI04 and release lever 12 are held against movement in a plane parallelto the plate 54.

The front end of slider 61 carries an upstanding lug I01 that is beveled(Fig. 4) so that it may wedge under the end of arm I04. As the slider 61moves to the extreme forward position, the lug I01 may thereby raise thearm I04 thus lifting the lug I06 out of the annular recess I03a insheave I03. When the lug I06 is thus raised, the release lever 12 may bemoved, but if the winding arm 64 has not been fully returned after awinding movement, the lug I01 will not pass under the end of arm I04.The latter then will not be lifted, and the lug I06 will still projectinto the recess I03a and prevent the lever 12 from being moved towardthe camera to release the mechanism for operating the shutter.

As will be seen from the above description of the operation of myshutter, there are a number of advantages to be derived in that anoperator may not press the trigger and move it unless the shutter hasbeen first tensioned. This is important because the operator is not ableto move the trigger through an idle stroke which sometimes may misleadhim into believing that an exposure has been made where the shutterleaves do not actually open and close.

Another important feature of my invention is that the shutter settingmechanism is under the control of the film winding mechanism so that thefilm winding mechanism actually also controls, through the shuttersetting mechanism,

bearcn liUUHi the trigger. Thus, since the trigger is latched until theshutter is set, and since the shutter is set by winding the film, thetrigger is definitely under the control 01' the film winding mechanism.It is therefore necessary to wind a fresh area of film into position forexposure before the trigger can again be depressed.

While I have described a preferred form of my invention, which has beenfound to work out satisfactorily in practice, it is obvious that manychanges from the details of the structure which I have herein shown anddescribed as a preferred embodiment of my invention can be made withoutdeparting from my invention. I consider as within the scope of myinvention, all such modifications as may come within the scope of theappended claims.

What I claim is:

1. In a shutter for photographic cameras, the combination with a shuttercasing, of shutter mechanism therein including a spring attached to thecasing at one end, a setting lever attached to the opposite end of saidspring and adapted to tension the spring and movable to and from anoperative position in which the shutter is set, a trigger adapted tomove through a fixed path for releasing the shutter mechanism, a latchfor said trigger connected to said shutter trigger, a fixed elementadapted to be engaged by the latch after an actuation of the trigger tohold said trigger against movement, a handle, connections between thehandle and the shutter setting lever for operating the latter from theformer and including a slide member, said slide member being positionedto engage and release said trigger latch as said shutter setting leveris moved through the handle.

2. In a shutter for photographic cameras, the combination with a shuttercasing, of shutter mechanism therein including a spring attached to thecasing at one end, a setting lever attached to the opposite end of saidspring and adapted to tension the spring and movable to and from anoperative position in which the shutter is set, a trigger adapted tomove through a fixed path for releasing the shutter mechanism, a latchfor said trigger connected to said shutter trigger, a fixed elementadapted to be engaged by the latch after an actuation of the trigger tohold said trigger against movement, a handle, connections between thehandle and the shutter setting lever for operating the latter from theformer and including a slide member having a cam thereon positioned toengage and move said latch to release the same when said handle is movedto operate the shutter setting member.

3. In a shutter for photographic cameras, the

combination with a shutter casing, of shutter mechanism thereinincluding a spring attached to the casing at one end, a setting leverattached to the opposite end of said spring and adapted to tension thespring and movable to and from an operative position in which theshutter is set, a trigger adapted to move through a fixed path forreleasing the shutter mechanism, a latch for said trigger connected tosaid shutter trigger, a fixed element adapted to be engaged by the latchafter an actuation of the trigger to hold said trigger against movement,a handle, connections between said handle and the shutting setting leverand including a slide member having a cam thereon positioned to engageand release said latch, said connections including a flexible memberbetween the slide and handle.

4. In a shutter for roll holding photographic cameras including a filmwinding device, the combination with a shutter casing, of mechanismtherein including a power spring one end of which is attached to saidcasing, a movable setting lever to which the other end of said spring isattached, trigger mechanism including a latch for holding and releasingthe setting member with the spring under tension for actuating theshutter mechanism, said trigger latch comprising a pivoted arm having ahook element adapted to engage a relatively fixed latching recess toform said latch, a slide member also forming part of the setting levermechanism adapted to cam the hook from the latching recess, and a handlecarried by the movable setting lever for moving the slide to releasesaid latch as said shutter setting mechanism is set through movement ofsaid handle.

5. In a shutter for roll holding photographic cameras including a filmwinding device, the combination with a shutter casing, of mechanismtherein including a power spring one end of which is attached to saidcasing, a movable setting member to which the other end of said springis attached, trigger mechanism including a latch for holding andreleasing the setting member with the spring under tension for actuatingthe shutter mechanism, said trigger mechanism comprising a pivoted armhaving a hook element adapted to engage a. relatively fixed latchingrecess to form said latch, a slide member also forming part of thesetting lever mechanism adapted to cam the hook from the latchingrecess, and a handle carried by the movable setting lever for moving theslide to release said latch as said shutter setting mechanism is setthrough movement of said handle, said hook and latch recess beingpositioned to lock the trigger after an exposure is made thus preventinga second actuation of the trigger until after the release of saidlatching elements.

6. In a shutter for roll holding photographic cameras including a filmwinding device, the combination with a shutter casing, of mechanismtherein including a power spring one end of which is attached to saidcasing, a movable setting member to which the other end of said springis attached, trigger mechanism including a latch for holding andreleasing the setting member with the spring under tension for actuatingthe shutter mechanism, said trigger mechanism including a pivoted armhaving a hook element adapted to engage a relatively fixed latchingrecess to form said latch, a slide member also forming part of themovable setting member positioned to cam the hook from the latchingrecess, and a handle carried by the movable setting member for movingthe slide to release said latch as said shutter setting mechanism is setthrough movement of said handle, said hook and latch recess beingpositioned to engage and lock the trigger after an exposure is made.said slide when moved by means of the handle being adapted to releasesaid latch before said setting member is fully tensioned thus freeingthe hook of the trigger mechanism from engagementwith the shuttersetting member as the latter tensions the spring.

7. In a shutter for roll holding photographic cameras including a filmwinding device, the combination with a shutter casing, of mechanismtherein including a power spring one end of which is attached to saidcasing, a movable setting member to which the other end of said springis attached, trigger mechanism including a latch for holding andreleasing the setting member with the spring under tension for actuatingthe shutter mechanism, said trigger mechanism including a pivoted armhaving a hook element adapted to engage a relatively fixed latchingrecess to form said latch, a slide member also forming part of themovable shutter setting member positioned to cam the hook from thelatching recess, and a handle carried by the movable shutter settingmember for moving the slide to release said hook as said shutter settingmechanism is set through movement of said handle, said hook and hookrecess being positioned to engage and lock the trigger after an exposureis made, said slide when moved by means of the handle being adapted torelease said hook before said setting member is fully tensioned thusfreeing the latch of the trigger mechanism for engaging the shuttersetting member as the latter tensions the spring, and a foldableconnection between the handle and the shutter through which the shuttermay be actuated.

8. In a shutter for roll holding photographic cameras including a filmwinding device, the com, bination with a shutter casing, of mechanismtherein including a power spring one end of which is attached to saidcasing, a movable setting member to which the other end of said springis attached, trigger mechanism including a latch for holding andreleasing the setting member with the spring under tension for actuatingthe shutter mechanism, said trigger latch mechanism comprising a pivotedarm having a hook element adapted to engage a relatively fixed latchingrecess, a slide member also forming part of the movable shutter settingmember positioned to cam the latch from the latching recess, and ahandle carried by the movable shutter setting member for moving theslide to release said latch as said shutter settingrileclrarrisrrrisetthrough movemgntuoisailliandle, whereby said slidemay re a said hook fromtlirlatchingrecess and se the s mecnmmat'ea'eh'acaiation of the handle.

9. In a shutter for roll holding photographic cameras including a filmwinding device, the combination with a shutter casing, of mechanismtherein including a power spring one end of which is attached to saidcasing, a movable setting member to which the other end of said springis attached, trigger mechanism including a latch for holding andreleasing the setting member withfismmieaar er Facifiafing e Imsnifsaiatriggeriatchmech- "Bivbted arm having a hook element adapted toengage a relatively fixed latching recess, a slide member also formingpart of the movable shutter setting member positioned to cam the hookfrom the latching recess, and a handle carried by the movable shuttersetting member for moving the slide to release said latch as saidshutter setting mechanism is set through movement of said handle,connections between the manually operable handle mounted on the camerabody and the slide for operating the latter whereby said slide mayrelease said hook from the latching recess and set the shutter settingmechanism at each actuation of the handle, a shaft supporting saidhandle, a one way clutch between said handle and shaft and a film spoolkey carried by said shaft whereby film may be wound simultaneously withsetting the shutter and releasing the trigger lock.

10. In a shutter for roll holding cameras including a film windingmechanism, the combination with a shutter casing, shutter mechanismtherein including a power spring, a shutter setting member movablethrough a fixed path of movement for tensioning the power spring, atrigger movable through a fixed path of movement for holding the settingmember under spring tension and for releasing said member, a triggerlatch adapted to restrain all movement of said trigger at the end of itspath of movement to prevent a second actuation thereof, a film windingshaft, and means including a handle for moving said shaft, a movablemember carried by the shutter and connected to said handle andpositioned to engage and release the trigger latch and shutter settingmember whereby movement of the handle may release the trigger latch, setthe shutter and wind film.

11. In a shutter for roll holding cameras including a film windingmechanism, the combination with a shutter casing, shutter mechanismtherein including a power spring, a shutter setting member movablethrough a fixed path of movement for tensioning the power spring, atrigger movable through a fixed path of movement for holding the settingmember under spring tension and for releasing said member, a triggerlatch adapted to restrain all movement of said trigger at the end of itspath of movement to prevent a second actuation thereof when the springis untensioned, a film winding shaft, and means including a handle formoving said shaft, said handle being carried by the shutter settingmember, a movable member carried by the shutter and adapted to movethrough a fixed path in the shutter and adjacent to the paths ofmovement of the setting member and trigger, and connections between themovable member and the handle carried by the shutter setting member formoving the movable member into contact with the trigger latch tosuccessively engage and release the trigger latch and tension the springas said movable member moves through its path of movement with theshutter setting member.

12. In a shutter for roll holding cameras in- Search H00 cluding a filmwinding mechanism, the combination with a shutter casing, shuttermechanism therein including a power spring, a shutter setting membermovable through a fixed path of movement for tensioning the powerspring, a trigger movable through a fixed path of movement for holdingthe setting member under spring tension and for releasing said member, atrigger latch adapted to restrain all movement of said trigger at theend of its path of movement to prevent a second actuation thereof whenthe spring is untensioned, a film winding shaft, and means including ahandle carried by the shutter setting member for moving said shaft, amovable member carried by the shutter and adapted to move through afixed path in the shutter and adjacent to the paths of movement of thesetting member and trigger, and flexible connections between the movablemember and the handle for moving the former to successively engage andrelease the trigger latch and set the shutter setting member as saidmovable member moves through its path of movement, a film winding key,and a one way clutch between said winding key and handle whereby onestroke of the handle may release the trigger latch, set the shutter andwind film.

13. A photographic camera comprising film feeding means, an objectiveshutter including a master member movable from a rest position to atensioned position to condition the shutter for making bothinstantaneous and non-instantaneous exposures, and means for moving saidmaster member from rest position to tensioned position automaticallyupon each operation 01 said film feeding means, said shutter furtherincluding latchnig means for latching said master member in saidtensioned position, release means for unlatching said latching means sothat said master member may move from tensioned position to restposition, and means for locking said release means against actuationwhen said master memher is in said rest position.

JOSEPH MIHALYI.

, CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION. Patent No. 2,555,807.

November 9, 191;}. JOSEPH MIHALYI It is hereby certified that errorappears in the printed specification of the above numbered patentrequiring correction as follows: Page 5, first column, line 12, for"gear 18" read --gear ll8-; and second column, line 72, for "fingerpiece78" read --fingerpiece 76; page 6, second column, line 75, for "ring 18"read -ring 78--; page 7, second column, line 70, for "shutting" readshutter-- page 8, second column, line 11, for "hook" read --latch--; andthat the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction thereinthat the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 8 ay of February A. D. 191th.

Henry Van Arsdale,

(Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

m i 1) CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION.

Patent No. 2,555,807. November 9, 191 .5.

JOSEPH HIHALYI.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specificationof the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 5,first column, line 12, for "gear 18" read -gear ll8--; and secondcolumn, line 72, for "fingerpiece 78" read -fingerpiece 76-; page 6,second column, line 75, for "ring 18'' read -ring 78--; page 7, secondcolumn, line 70, for 'mutting" read --shutter--; page 8, second column,line 11, for "hook" read --latch--- and that the said Letters Patentshould be read with this correction therein that the same may conform tothe record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 8 ay Of February, A. D. 19141;.

Henry Van Arsdale, (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

